Coagulationflocculation is a chemical water treatment technique typically applied prior to sedimentation and filtration e. The coagulation is the most important process during the water treatment, which includes the removal of species. The wash water from water based paint industry is currently treated in a flocculation process using ferric chloride as a coagulant. Apr 27, 2016 coagulation and flocculation in water treatment prepared by. Coagulation is a water treatment process that causes very small suspended particles to. Written by aos treatment solutions on april 3, 2018. From this information we are able to recommend the best product to use and optimize the cost and efficacy for the facility. The water may contain suspended matter, small or large solid particles.
A combination of mixing and stirring or agitation that produces aggregation is called flocculation. These fundamentals serve as a basis for compliance with multiple treatment objectives and prepare the reader for additional detail introduced later in this manual. All waters, especially surface waters, contain both dissolved and suspended particles. With over 50 years experience with successful installations, jdvcarter walking beam flocculators are a proven design to help protect public health and provide safe drinking water. The principal factors affecting the coagulation and flocculation of water or wastewater are. In wastewater treatment these clarification aids help with the removal of other contaminants such as oil, phosphate and heavy metals. In water treatment, coagulation flocculation involves the addition of compounds that promote the clumping of fines into larger floc so that they can be more easily. The suspended particles vary considerably in source, composition charge, particle size, shape, and density. The optimum ph for the coagulation and flocculation process must be determined experimentally. Coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes in wastewater treatment and water treatment are significant. In water treatment, coagulation flocculation involves the addition of compounds that promote the clumping of fines into larger floc so that they can be more easily separated from the water. Coagulation and flocculation constitute the backbone processes in most water and advanced wastewater treatment plants. Improvement of the flocculation process in water treatment by. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment third edition start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader.
Material for this article was largely taken from reference 1. In water treatment, coagulation is the result of the addition of chemical reagents to water suspensions where the dispersed colloidal particles are assembled in larger aggregates called flocs or microflocs. Coagulation is a process to neutralize charges and then to. Common water treatment processes intended to remove suspended solids and reduce turbidity include. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater. As a result, they stay dispersed and dissolved or coagulation process colloidal in the water.
Pdf coagulationflocculation process for produced water. Many larger water treatment plants employ clarifiers in place of sedimentation tanks or settling basins. Both these techniques are employed in the treatment of water. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment. Besides, guibal and roussy 6, pointed that the coagulation and the flocculation of suspended particles and colloids result from different mechanisms including. It is a combination of formation water that is present in the well and the oil well injection water. Coagulation and flocculation water treatment waste water. Ufgs 02 51 precipitationcoagulationflocculation water. Thus, we can understand the process of coagulation and flocculation with the help of examples derived from water treatment techniques. Coagulation and flocculation prepared by husam alnajar the islamic university of gaza environmental engineering department water treatment eenv 4331 colour in water. Typical treatment processes consist of grates, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, granular filtration and disinfection. Example problem for designing a flocculation basin.
Coagulation is an intermediary step, but it is essential to the physicochemical treatment process of water and wastewater. These clarifiers vary widely in design and operational. Coagulation and flocculation are important processes in water treatment with coagulation to destabilize. Pathogens diseasecausing organisms that include bacteria, amoebas and viruses, as well as the eggs and larvae of parasitic worms.
Coagulation is an essential component in water treatment operations. Water treatment plant waste sludge disposal is dealt with in considerable detail, in an appendix devoted to this subject. Apr 03, 2018 what is coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment. Coagulationflocculation process in a water treatment system. Coagulation chemical treatment typically is applied prior to sedimentation and filtration to enhance the ability of a treatment process to remove particles. The role of coagulation in water treatment sciencedirect. All previous investigations pointed out the advantages of moringa oleifera as a treatment agent versus traditional coagulant combinations fecl 3. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment second edition. Pdf aeration, coagulation and flocculation processes in. Indeed, these technologies are essential processes in various disciplines, especially wastewater treatment. Mar 04, 2017 the purpose of coagulation water treatment process is to removes the colloidal particles from water.
If the turbidity and colour of the raw water are not much higher than is permissible for drinking water, it should be possible to avoid chemical coagulation in the treatment of the water. Fct water can perform testing and analysis at various times of the day and days of the week to understand the profile of the water to be treated. The most widely used coagulants in water treatment are aluminum sulfate and iron salts. Start studying coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration. Advanced treatment of laundry wastewater with coagulation and flocculation matthaios p.
Flocculation and sedimentation cannot occur without coagulation, and some of veolias patented hydrex water treatment chemicals are used to facilitate all of these processes. Coagulations and flocculation water treatment suez. Water treatment coagulation flocculation basics youtube. Charge neutralization mechanism efficiency in water with. Coagulationflocculation treatment of municipal wastewater. What is coagulation and flocculation in wastewater treatment. It is also employed in treatment of storm water and industrial wastewater, preventing and treating water corrosion. Flocculation is commonly confused with coagulation, and the terms are consequently used to some extent interchangeably but they are very different processes. Coagulation is an important step in water treatment and it involves in the addition of a coagulant to enhance the clotting of suspended particles in water. Invaluble for water scientists, engineers and students of this field, coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment is a convenient reference handbook in the form of numerous examples and appended information. It is an integral treatment step in the surface or underground waters treatment, indented for human consumption. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications. Coagulation and flocculation water treatment waste.
Whether youve loved the book or not, if you give your honest and detailed thoughts then people will find new books that are right for them. The paper identify and explain three of the most commonly use processes of enhancing the quality and purity of water treatment namely aeration which is the process that provides oxygen from the atmosphere to effect beneficial changes in the raw water. Waste water treatment by coagulation and flocculation. Sedimentation flocculation coagulation coagulation and flocculation coagulation and flocculationconsist of adding a flocforming chemical reagent to a water to enmesh or combine with nonsettleable colloidal solids and slowsettling suspended solids to produce a rapidsettling floc. The general water treatment consists of both stages.
These flocs are precipitates in water, wherein small par ticles are. Many water treatment plants use a combination of coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection to provide clean, safe drinking water to the public. Correct application of coagulation and flocculation depends upon these factors. Several methods have been applied for the removal of oil from waste waters. A water treatment plant receives a 5% polymer solution. Calculate how much polymer should be mixed with 50 gallons of water to produce a 0. Aluminum sulfate alum is the most common coagulant used for water purification. Coagulation plays primary and important roles in water and wastewater treatment. It is an integral treatment step in the surface or underground waters treatment. Flocculation brings the deestablished colloidal particles together and they form large aggregates. Coagulationflocculation process for produced water.
Since no other flocculating agents should be added in water treatment with moringa oleifera seed extract, this natural procedure for clarifying water is a combined coagulation flocculation process. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment is a readable and useful resource for the water scientist and engineer. Flocculation or floculation is a significant process widely utilized in water treatment operations, including purification of drinking water, sewage water treatment, storm water treatment and treatment of various other industrial wastewater streams. This process is widely implemented in sewage treatment as well as drinking water purification. The coagulationflocculation processes facilitate the removal of ss and colloidal particles. Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. One of the challenges for any water or municipal wastewater treatment plant is being able to remove the vast majority of waste particles from the water, quickly and efficiently. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. This technology is applicable in water treatment and also tannery, coffee, detergent, tar and dairy wastewater efficiently. Flocculation is a physical process in which the fine solids produced by coagulation are brought together into. Design a horizontal flow baffled channel flocculatorfor a treatment plant of 0m 3day capacity. Its used in the first stage of solidsliquids separation. Coagulation and flocculation are two processes commonly used in water treatment in order to get rid of unwanted suspended material in water.
Flocculation is another important step in water treatment and it involves in the formation of visible flocs by mechanical or physical mixing. In water treatment, coagulation flocculation involves the addition of polymers that clump the small, destabilized particles together into larger aggregates so that they can be more easily separated from the water. Researches are needed for novel coagulants, hybrid processes and control schemes. Mixing is specific blending, mingling, or commingling of coagulating chemicals with water in order to create a. Coagulationflocculation process in the treatment of abattoir. Recent applications of electrocoagulation in treatment of. Ene 806 project report 2 coagulation and flocculation. Coagulation and rapid mixing coagulation is the process by which particles become destabilized and begin to clump together. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Their objective is to enhance the separation of particulate species in downstream processes such as sedimentation and filtration. Bantcheva department of chemical engineering, university of durban westville, south africa abstract the introduction of wastewater treatments increases the plant cost. Proteins are known as flocculant inducing agents santiago et al. Coagulation and flocculation are wellknown technologies within the wastewater. Produced water is a huge waste volume of water associated with crude oil production. Flocculation water treatment plants,wastewater treatment. These stages are followed by sedimentation, and then filtration. Another type of tanks combine between flocculation and sedimentation in one tank and called solid contact flocculator clarifier. Coagulation and flocculation in water treatment prepared by.
Howard, rowe, tchobanoglous, environmental engineering, 2014. The flocculation basin is to be divided into 3 sections of equal volume, each section having constant velocity gradients of 50, 35, 25 s1, respectively. Suspended settle able solids will settle out of water over time, though this may be so slow that it is impractical to merely allow the particles to settle out in a water treatment plant. Study on the factors affecting coagulation and flocculation in treatment of industrial effluents i. Advanced treatment of laundry wastewater with coagulation and. What is coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment. Coagulation and flocculation water treatment chemicals are used to remove iron, suspended solids, organic color, and hardness from influent water. Coagulation flocculation treatment is commonly used to reduce the turbidity of municipal and industrial waste water, the coagulants in question typically being divalent or trivalent metallic salts or polymers that have low solubility in the ph range used. Difference between coagulation and flocculation coagulation.
Difference between coagulation and flocculation in water. But the phenomena are also wellknown from everyday life especially coagulation. The purpose of coagulation water treatment process is to removes the colloidal particles from water. The present paper focusses on coagulation and ballast flocculation technology for water and industrial wastewater treatment. Coagulation flocculation is used widely during water or wastewater treatment. Coagulation is the destabilization of colloidal particles brought about by the addition of a chemical reagent called as coagulant. Coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation subject areas environmental systems, chemistry associated unit drinking water treatment process lesson title drinking water treatment.
However, they can be commonly adopted for destabilizing any suspension system. Oct 23, 2017 flocculation can be applied in many ways, such as in water treatment. What is the difference between coagulation and flocculation in water treatment. Jan 10, 2017 many water treatment plants use a combination of coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection to provide clean, safe drinking water to the public. Study of floc properties is essential to enhance the coagulation efficiency. Calculate how much polymer should be mixed with 300 gallons of water to produce a 0. Introduction the need to clarify water aesthetics and health colloids impart color and turbidity to water aesthetical acceptability microbes are colloids too 042716 water treatment 2. The performance of coagulation is the major factor in improving water treatment efficiency. Sedimentation and filtration processes can removes most of the solid particles but the small particles that are remains in colloidal suspension cannot removes. Terminology of polymers and polymerization processes in dispersed systems iupac recommendations 2011 pdf.
Coagulation water treatment process hard and soft water. Coagulation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge whereas flocculation is a physical process and does not involve neutralization of. Removal of turbidity by coagulation depends on the type of colloids in. Other chemicals, such as ferric sulfate or sodium aluminate, may also be used.
After this treatment, the water is passed for sedimentation. Coagulation is a process used to neutralise charges and form a gelatinous mass to trap or bridge particles thus forming a mass large enough to settle or be trapped in the filter. Manual on water supply and treatment, cpheeo, ministry of moud, new delhi, 1999. The color of water is an indication of the organic content, including humic and fulvic acids, the presence of natural metallic ions such as iron and manganese, and turbidity.
American water works association awwa awwa 10084 2017 standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater awwa d100 2011 welded steel tanks for water storage awwa d103 2009. Addenda 2014 factorycoated bolted steel tanks for water storage american welding society aws aws a2. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment bratby, john on. Flocculation and sedimentation are widely employed in the purification of drinking water as well as in sewage treatment, storm water treatment and treatment of industrial wastewater streams. This article provides an overview of the processes and looks at the latest thinking. Groundwater and surface water contain both dissolved and suspended particles. Coagulation and flocculation are wellknown techniques within wastewater treatment. The process of coalescence is known as flocculation. Evaluation and optimization of the coagulation rapid mixing step of the water treatment process includes a variety of aspects. Flocculation, in the field of chemistry, is a process in which colloids come out of suspension in. They are typically used for treatment of wastewater containing colloids suspended particles and metal ions.
Correct application of coagulation and flocculation depends. It is a convenient reference handbook providing numerous examples and appended information and it is a vital text for course material for. The floc is subsequently removed in most cases by sedimentation. The gentle stirring can be achieved using paddles or baffles to induce a rolling motion in the water, and this continues for some 2045 minutes. A water treatment plant receives a 11% polymer solution. Pdf waste water treatment by coagulation and flocculation. Coagu lant dosages vary in a wide range to maximize removal efficiency of pollutants using minimum doses at optimum ph 46. Chemicals coagulants are added to the water to bring the nonsettling particles together into larger, heavier masses of solids called floc.
Both processes involve the union of different suspended particles together. Addition of positively charged particles in the coagulation process is aimed to destabilizing the colloids. Harmful chemicals from human activities industrial wastes, pesticides, fertilizers. It should be noted that coagulation and flocculation can be used as a preliminary or intermediate process during wastewater. Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Coagulation and flocculation for wastewater treatment represent tested ways to improve. Design of a water treatment mechanical mixer for a pre. So treatment involving coagulation and flocculation is typical of surface water. Worldwide, a combination of coagulation, sedimentation and filtration is the most widely applied water treatment technology, and has been used since the early 20th century.
It is specific to each application and is dependent upon the sample, the coagulation and flocculation agents used, the desired clarity of the water, and the water s end use. From my course ees 3030, water treatment systems, in the department of environmental engineering and earth sciences at clemson university. Coagulation and flocculation are an essential part of drinking water treatment as well as wastewater treatment. Principlea and design, mwh2005, isbn 04710110183 5. Colloid particles are removed from water via coagulation and flocculation processes 5. C include economic aspects relatively low invest ment, maintenance, energy, and treatment costs, signifi cantly lower volume of sludge produced, better sludge quality lower water content, much larger and more sta.
Other readers will always be interested in your opinion of the books youve read. Coagulation flocculation is a widelyused process in the primary purification of water and in industrial wastewater treatment. Coagulationflocculation process for produced water treatment. During the coagulation process, coagulants are added to the water to aid in floc formation.
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